D196 Series Multi-Octave PIN Diode Attenuators with Integrated Drivers (0.5-18 GHz)

Category: Electronics, Kratos Electronic Products Division, RF Microwave Devices

Introduction

The D196 Series encompasses a set of nonreflective, voltage-variable PIN Diode Attenuators designed for providing precise attenuation across a broad frequency range. These devices span four overlapping frequency bands between 0.5 GHz and 18 GHz. Each attenuator is furnished with an inbuilt driver to manage the attenuation levels efficiently.

Attenuation Characteristics

The distinguishing feature of these devices is their wide attenuation range reaching up to 60 dB, controlled linearly at a rate of 10 dB per volt. This capability enables users to adjust attenuation with high precision, facilitating various RF and microwave applications where signal level control is critical.

Integrated Driver and RF Design

The integrated driver plays a pivotal role by adjusting the attenuation through a voltage-to-current conversion and a subsequent linearizing network. This configuration ensures that the correct series and shunt currents are delivered to the PIN diodes, thereby enabling the specified rate of attenuation. Simultaneously, it maintains a bilateral match—a feature essential for maintaining the signal integrity throughout the frequency range.

Functional Schematics

The provided figures (Fig: 1 and Fig: 2) illustrate the functional blocks and rf schematic diagram of the D196 series. The first figure demonstrates the RF circuit layout consisting of two wide-band, T-pad attenuator sections connected in sequence. The second figure showcases the block diagram highlighting the attenuator’s IN/OUT interface, the shunt and series PIN diode components, and the control input connected to the driver circuit.

Device Construction and Operation

The construction of these attenuators follows a modular approach to ensure easy integration into various setups. The RF input/output (IN/OUT) is standardized across the series, supporting a seamless transition between different units within the same system. The onboard driver aids in controlling the attenuation without the necessity for external circuitry, positioning the D196 series as a self-contained solution for RF signal management.

Main Features Summary

– Frequency Range: 0.5 GHz – 18 GHz, divided into four overlapping multi-octave bands.
– Attenuation Range: Up to 60 dB.
– Linear Control: A consistent 10 dB per volt rate.
– Low Insertion Loss: Ensures minimal signal degradation through the attenuator.
– Nonreflective Nature: Reduces signal reflections, thereby enhancing performance.
– Integrated Driver: Provides easy and precise control over the attenuation levels.

Applications

These attenuators can be applied to a plethora of RF and microwave systems where signal attenuation needs to be managed with accuracy and linearity. The series design caters to communication systems, electronic warfare, and test equipment, among other high-frequency signal processing domains.